Gunnera perpensa

Gunnera perpensa, commonly the wild pumpkin or river pumpkin, is a robust perennial lacking aerial stems but reaching 1 m in height. The plant grows from a brittle, creeping rhizome that becomes 3 cm in diameter and has yellow flesh.

The large, stalked, pumpkin-like leaves grow in a basal tuft. The finely hairy leaves are rounded to lobed with finely toothed margins. Leaf dimensions are up to 25 cm long and 38 cm wide, their petioles up to 45 cm long.

The species distribution is mainly in the southern and eastern parts of South Africa but plants are found in all nine provinces. It grows widespread in Africa to Ethiopia.

The habitat is damp, marshy areas and stream banks from the coast to elevations around 2400 m. The species is not considered to be threatened in its habitat early in the twenty first century.

The genus comprises more than 50 species mainly found in the Americas and some Pacific islands. Only this one occurs in South Africa.

The stems and roots are eaten and used in brewing beer. The plant is widely used in traditional medicine (Pooley, 1998; Moriarty, 1997; Van Wyk and Malan, 1997; iNaturalist; http://redlist.sanbi.org).